Interview tips

It is not possible to remember all the subjects that
we,ve learnt but he insisted that be strong in basics
and 1 or 2 subjects of our interest.

-While entering the interview panel wish all of them
like "Good morning everybody".

-Wear a neat dress,tie,polished shoes and have a
pleasant smell(use sents)

-IEEE has suggested some 10 points(like how a
professional should be)..and he told that the 10th
point is very important to suceed(refer the website)

-Be honest on whatever you are speaking because the
interviewers can easily judge on the way you speak

-Whatever details u give in u r resume be ready to
face any sort of questions from that

-Read English Newspapers for 45 minutes

-Talk in English as much as possible

-If u have any failures for example arrears in early
semesters tell the interviewer "the reason for
arrear..and what the failure taught u and how u
developed urself because of that failure"

-If u play for example football and if the interviewer
is asking about that tell like "u learnt team working
from playing that game.If I had lesser chances of
putting a goal,then I would pass the ball to my friend
who had more chances of putting the goal..So,I learnt
Yeam working..(like that)

-Having a good ideas about the current events is very
useful

-Before attending an interview do a good research of
that company and during the interview "relate the
goals of that company with u r skill set and tell them
how u can be a useful asset to the company"

-The requirement of people in IT is very huge that all
of us can get a job.The only reason is they need the
right people and we've to do a good preparation for
that..

-He insisted that "We dont need geniuses.All the
people sitting here are intelligent.We need the people
who suits us and who meets the above said requirements
which is possible for everyone to do"

SEVEN TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE

With the popularity of EQ and SQ in recent years, it might be worth remembering an older way of conceiving intelligence, which helps cultivate individual aspects of ourselves. This is Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligence. In 1984, in his book Frames of Mind—The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, he offered a critique of IQ testing and suggested that what we possess is not one 'intelligence' but seven different intelligences. These are: logical-mathematical, linguistic, musical, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal and spatial.


Intelligence Type:

1. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
This is what we use to manipulate concepts and arrange them into meaningful patterns. We develop this by constantly confronting objects, assessing them and reordering them.

How To Develop It:
1.Learn a computer language
2. Work on logic puzzles
3. Identify scientific principles around the house: pumps, bulbs etc

2. Linguistic Intelligence
This is the intelligence that gives us sensitivity to language, an ability to absorb and manipulate it skillfully and to be aware of shades of meaning.

How To Develop It:
1. Take a writing class
2. Record yourself speaking into a tape-recorder
3. Memorize passages of poetry

3.Musical Intelligence
This gives us our sensitivity to sound, our ability to arrange sounds into patterns pleasing to the human ear.

How To Develop It:
1. Sing in the shower
2. Memorize tunes
3. Spend time listening to music everyday


4.Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
This is the intelligence that gives us the ability to perform tasks of great discipline and commitment with our bodies. Dancers, athletes and martial arts practitioners have this.

How To Develop It:
1. Take up martial arts like tai chi or karate
2. Take up a sport
3. Learn a craft such as woodworking or crochet


5.Interpersonal Intelligence
This gives us the ability to relate skillfully with others, to be aware of our feelings and the other person's, to see where the other person is coming from.

How To Develop It:
1. Decide to meet one new person a week and stay in touch.
2. Join an NGO
3. Spend 15 minutes a day listening actively to a friend.


6.Intrapersonal Intelligence
This is about becoming truly aware of ourselves and having the ability to constantly purify ourselves in order to access higher levels of joy and power.

How To Develop It:
1. Do a vipassana course and make it a part of your life
2. Spend time with yourself everyday, just being quiet
3. Read biographies of people with powerful personalities


7.Spatial Intelligence
This form of intelligence calls upon our ability to create a mental image. It gives us the capacity to perceive the visual world accurately and to perform transformations and modifications upon our initial perceptions. Artists, designers and architects have this intelligence.

How To Develop It:
1. Take classes in painting, sculpture or photography
2. Buy a graphics software program and create designs on the computer
3. Watch films with attention to lighting, camera angles, color and other aspects of cinema.

HIGH SQ

EIGHT SIGNS OF HIGH SQ

1. Flexibility
2. Self-awareness
3. An ability to face and use suffering
4. The ability to be inspired by a vision
5. An ability to see connections between diverse things (thinking holistically)
6. A desire and capacity to cause as little harm as possible
7. A tendency to probe and ask fundamental questions
8. An ability to work against convention

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

A Component is a tested, special purpose software unit which is reusable, adaptable, portable
and interoperable. In software terms, components are also called component ware (CM).
Framework is the combination of components that can be plugged into an application.

A Software interface is the program that makes it possible for components to interact and interoperate with each other. Eg. JAVA BEANS
(DCOM is abbreviated as Distributed Component Object Model.)
Software Entities are the processes, requirements, products and resources of a software engineering landscape.

An Engineering approach to software engineering is to produce system on time and within budget.
 Software Development problems are:

 1) Conceptual problem.

 2) Representation problem.

Vanilla Framework helps to bridge gap between a high level solution, to a problem and its implementation in software.
Software Requirement Specification (SRS): This is a blueprint for the complete design of a software product.

 Quality Factors: correctness, reliability, maintainability, testability, efficiency, integrity, usability, portability, interoperability, reusability.
Reusability Criterion:
Self Descriptive: this is with natural language.
Modularity: means change in one component has minimal impact on other.
Portability: means transfer of software from one system to other.
Platform Independence means it can execute on any type of platform.
Incremental Approach to software development has been formulated by watts Humphrey.
Clean Room Engineering is used to control the quality of incrementally developed software product and to certify the fitness of software products for usage at time of delivery.

CAPABILITY MATURITY MODEL (CMM):
CMM describes software process management maturity relative to five levels i.e., Initial, Repeatable, Defined, Managed, Optimizing In the Initial level there is a lack of planning and the development of a clear-cut guide that software development teams can follow. Few details of a software process have been defined at this level. Good results are considered miraculous.

KPA ---- Key Process Areas In the Second level ie, the CMM Repeatable Process is characterized by a commitment to discipline in carrying out a software development project.

 And is achieved by: Requirements management, software project planning, software project tracking and oversight, software subcontract management, software quality assurance, software configuration management. In the Third level i.e., the CMM Defined Process is to guide the structuring and evaluation of a software project. And is achieved by: Organizational process focus and
definition, training program, software product engineering, intergroup coordination, peer reviews. In the Fourth level i.e., the CMM Managed Process is for data gathering and analysis and managing software quality.

 And is achieved by:

i)                   Quantitative process management

ii)                Software quality management.

In the Fifth level i.e., the CMM Optimizing Process is associated with defect prevention, automation of the software process wherever possible, and methods for improving
software quality and team productivity and shortening development time.
Validation occurs whenever a system component is evaluated to ensure that it satisfies system requirements.
Verification consists in checking whether the product of a particular phase satisfies the conditions imposed at that phase.

Software Evolution :

This is characterized by genotypes and phenotypes.

A genotype provides information about a member of a population.
A phenotype characterizes the behavior of a population member.
Evolution pattern = where || why || what || when || how || by-whom.

Software Life-Cycle:

 This is the period of time beginning with a concept for a software product
and ending whenever the software is no longer available for use.
The Software life-cycle typically includes the following: Requirements, Analysis, and Design, construction, testing (Validation), installation, operation, maintenance, and retirement. Several models (spiral, waterfall etc.) have been proposed to describe this process.

Software Life-Cycle Model

Represents the activities, their inputs and outputs and their interactions during the life-cycle.

Software Life-Cycle Models:
What is Software Engineering? The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is, the application of engineering to software. The specification, development, management, and evolution of software systems.
A discipline whose aim is the production of quality software, delivered on time, within budget, and satisfying users' needs. Designing and developing

High-quality software. Application of computer science techniques to a variety of problems.

What is a CASE tool? CASE stands for Computer Aided Software Engineering; it can be used to mean any computer-based tool for software planning, development, and evolution. What is a Function Point? Function points and feature points are methods of estimating the "amount of functionality" required for a program, and are thus used to estimate project completion time. The basic idea
involves counting inputs, outputs, and other features of a description of functionality.
What is a Spiral Model? Basically, the idea is evolutionary development, using the waterfall model for each step; it's intended to help manage risks. Don't define in detail the entire system at first. The developers should only define the highest priority features. Define and implement those, then get feedback from users/customers (such feedback distinguishes "evolutionary" from
"incremental" development). With this knowledge, they should then go back to define and implement more features in smaller chunks.
What is a Spec Mark? SPEC mark refers to the results of the first suite what is Hungarian Notation? A naming convention for C code. What is SEI Maturity Model? First step in improving the existing situation is to get management buy-in and management action to clean up the software management processes. Second step (Integration) is to get everyone working together as a team.

Third step (Measurements) is to establish objective ways of understanding status and predict where things are going in your process. Continuous improvement: Understand that this is building a foundation for continually getting better.
What is a BUG?
A Fault, Failure, Mistake. What is a Clean Room? 'Cleanroom' is a software process based on mathematical verification of components and statistical system-level testing.
What is Personal Software Process? A discipline for monitoring, testing, and improving your own Software Engineering works.
What are the two major types of testing?

The following are the two major groups of testing

i)                   Black Box testing

ii)                Glass box testing.

Black Box testing: Functional or black box testing is an approach to testing where the tests are derived from the program or component specification. The system is a black box whose behavior can only be determined by studying its inputs and the related outputs. Another name for this is the
functional testing because the tester is only concentrated with the functionality and not the implementation of the software. Black Box testing focuses on the functional requirements of the software i.e., Black Box testing enables the software engineer to derive sets of input conditions that will fully exercise all function requirements for a program. The challenge in the black box testing is to cause failures in the module by designing test causes that, with an appropriate input and controlled externally conditions, can produce an output
that will clearly indicate a module failure
Which Test Cases to Automate? Tests that need to be run for every build of the application.
Tests that use multiple data values for the same actions (data driven tests).
Tests that require detailed information from application internals.

If Performed Manual Testing:
Time Consuming, Low Reliability, Human Resources, Inconsistent.

 If Performed Automated Testing:
Speed, Repeatability, Reusability, Reliability, Programming Capabilities. What are Checkpoints?

� Checkpoints enable you to compare the current behavior of your application to its expected behavior.

 � GUI checkpoints check information about GUI objects. For example, you can check that a button is enabled or see which item is selected in a list.

� Database checkpoints check the data content in a database.

� Text checkpoints read text in GUI objects and in bitmaps, and enable you to check their contents.

� Bitmap checkpoints compare a "snapshot" of a window or an area in your application to an image captured in an earlier version. Software Production Process: - The process of building, delivering and evolving the software system from the inception of an idea all the way to the delivery and final retirement of the system is called a software
production process. The software production process may follow different methods of software development.

� Water Fall Model
� Prototyping Process
� Rad Model
� Incremental Model

Spiral Model
Conception:- SDLC starts with the conception phase. This phase is triggered by a competitor ,a problem or an opportunity
The problem perceived
The goal to be achieved
The benefits from the solution
The scope of the project

Initiation: - The Software engineers work with users to carry out a macro level study of the users requirements. The software engineers define the various alternatives possible and the cost-benefit justification of these alternatives.
Analysis :- The software Engineers carry our a detailed study of the users requirement .They then arrive at the proposed system to be built .The model of this system is to be used to freeze all requirements before the next phase begins.

Design: - In this phase the functional specifications are used for translating the model into a design of the desired system like data flow diagrams, decisions tables, databases etc.

Construction:- This phases produces the actual code that will be delivered to the customer as the running system .Individual modules developed in this phase are tested before being delivered to the next
phase
Testing :- All the modules that have been developed before are integrated or put together in this phase, and tested as a complete system. A system is tested for online response, volume of transactions, stress, recovery from failure, and usability.

Implementation: - Implementation means converting a new system design into operation .This involves creating computer compatible files, training the operating staff, installing hardware and any other requirements.

Prototyping Process:-